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Kayexalate is a medication used to treat high levels of potassium in the blood, a condition known as hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can be caused by various factors, including kidney disease, certain medications, and other medical conditions. The active ingredient in Kayexalate is sodium polystyrene sulfonate, which works by binding to potassium in the digestive tract. This binding action helps to remove excess potassium from the body through the stool, reducing the levels of potassium in the blood. .